Your privacy, your choice

We use essential cookies to make sure the site can function. We also use optional cookies for advertising, personalisation of content, usage analysis, and social media.

By accepting optional cookies, you consent to the processing of your personal data - including transfers to third parties. Some third parties are outside of the European Economic Area, with varying standards of data protection.

See our privacy policy for more information on the use of your personal data.

for further information and to change your choices.

Which CC licences are available to publish under?

Open access (OA) articles in Springer Nature journals are published under Creative Commons licences. These provide an industry-standard framework to support re-use of OA material. Details of the OA licences offered to authors can be found on our individual journal websites, and more information about Creative Commons licence terms is available below and on the Creative Commons website


Further information can be found on Springer Nature’s guide to licensing, copyright and author rights for journal articles.


Did you find it helpful? Yes No

Send feedback
Sorry we couldn't be helpful. Help us improve this article with your feedback.